O pragmatismo, como método formal, nos fornece uma importante arena para discussões a respeito do modo pelo qual conceitos podem ser construídos, independentemente de qualquer posição antropocêntrica ou linguística. O presente trabalho tem por finalidade efetuar uma discussão sobre a máxima pragmática e a tese sobre a indeterminação do significado ( meaning ) que ela traz consigo. Ou seja, busca-se entender o trânsito que há entre o indefinido e o definido, entre o indeterminado e o determinado, bem como algumas fronteiras (...) intermediárias encontradas nos processos de determinação relativa do conceito. (shrink)

The Kochen-Specker theorem is one of the fundamental no-go theorems in quantum theory. It has far-reaching consequences for all attempts trying to give an interpretation of the quantum formalism. In this work, we examine the hypotheses that, at the ontological level, lead to the Kochen-Specker contradiction. We emphasize the role of the assumptions about identity and distinguishability of quantum objects in the argument.

The idea that natural selection acts on many levels—and not only at the level of organisms or individual genes—is increasingly accepted among biologists. However, it is not easy to reconcile this idea with the strictly “individualistic” conception of the evolutionary process that has always characterized Darwinian thought. Moreover, the individuality of some forms of life is a vague concept and therefore controversial. This is the case of Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis, whose discovery immediately inspired the following question: Does the concept of (...) individuality have degrees? Alternatively, how far is this structure of prokaryotic cells from deserving to be called an organism? In this article, we propose a new conceptual scheme based on an idea of individuality that is not limited to organisms and that makes sense in terms of Darwinian evolution. In this conceptual scheme, selection at levels above that of the individual organism is interpreted as the evolutionary emergence of higher-level individuality. This proposal may serve as a basis on which to construct a promising hierarchical evolutionary theory. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de BARROS, Brasil Fernandes de. _A busca de Kardec_: fé ou razão. Curitiba: CRV, 2022. 232 p. ISBN 978-65-251-3981-4.

Constellations, Volume 28, Issue 4, Page 511-521, December 2021.

Dissertação de mestrado de: BARROS, Brasil Fernandes de. Religião e Espiritismo: o conceito de religião da Doutrina Espírita segundo a concepção de Alan Kardec. 2018. Dissertação – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG.

Quantum indistinguishability directly relates to the philosophical debate on the notions of identity and individuality. They are crucial for our understanding of multipartite quantum systems. Furthermore, the correct interpretation of this feature of quantum theory has implications that transcend fundamental science and philosophy, given that quantum indistinguishability is a resource in quantum information theory. Most of the conceptual analysis of quantum indistinguishability is restricted to studying the permutational invariance of quantum states, the concomitant quantum statistics and their entanglement. Here, we (...) analyse the role of indistinguishability and non-individuality in other areas of quantum theory. We start by analysing how a very peculiar use of indistinguishability underlies Feynman’s rules for summing amplitudes in interference phenomena. Next, we study how quantum indistinguishability is underestimated in several topics of debate in the quantum physics literature, such as the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen argument, Bell’s inequalities and the Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem. Finally, we argue that an ontology of truly indistinguishable entities can serve as a basis for a quantum ontology that can give interesting answers to the interpretational problems of quantum mechanics. We claim that, in addition to superposition, contextuality and entanglement, indistinguishability (understood in a robust ontological sense) is one of the central features of quantum physics. -/- . (shrink)

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is one of the most influential theories of consciousness, mainly due to its claim of mathematically formalizing consciousness in a measurable way. However, the theory, as it is formulated, does not account for contextual observations that are crucial for understanding consciousness. Here we put forth three possible difficulties for its current version, which could be interpreted as a trilemma. Either consciousness is contextual or not. If contextual, either IIT needs revisions to its axioms to include contextuality, (...) or it is inconsistent. If consciousness is not contextual, then IIT faces an empirical challenge. Therefore, we argue that IIT in its current version is inadequate. (shrink)

Este trabalho consiste em um plano de aula elaborado através do projeto Residência Pedagógica. Ele está divido em três etapas. Na primeira etapa faço uma breve introdução, onde irei abordar a justificativa pedagógica, a metodologia e os materiais necessários para construir a aula. Em um segundo momento, apresento o plano de aula que foi divido em duas perspectivas a respeito da possibilidade de discutirmos os juízos de gosto (objetivismo estético e subjetivismo estético). Na terceira e última parte, trago um sucinto (...) relato de experiência da aplicação do plano, bem como algumas conclusões e reflexões que a experiência provocou. (shrink)

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE In this paper we examine the consequences of von Neumann's interpretation of quantum mechanics in the context of an insect conditioning experiment. We argue that either the insect has a mind, therefore collapsing the wave function, or it does not, therefore reacting to superpositions in a different way. Thus, a device to condition insects could be used to test von Neumann's interpretation, if insects are not conscious. If, on the other hand, insects (...) possess a mind, such experiment would open up the possibility of using insect experiments to test Stapp's theory of mind-matter interaction. (shrink)

The concept of sustainable development is here revised in the light of a brief historical analysis, followed by a semantic analysis of the expressions development and sustainability. The authors criticize the common use of this concept in a loose way or in wide generalizations, to conclude, based on the principles of human ecology, that it is only possible to make it operational in limited spans of time and in limited spatial units.

In this paper we examine some proposals to disprove the hypothesis that the interaction between mind and matter causes the collapse of the wave function, showing that such proposals are fundamentally flawed. We then describe a general experimental setup retaining the key features of the ones examined, and show that even a more general case is inadequate to disprove the mind-matter collapse hypothesis. Finally, we use our setup provided to argue that, under some reasonable assumptions about consciousness, such hypothesis is (...) unfalsifiable. (shrink)

This paper is the result of reflections inspired by observing and participating in dancing sessions with children. Our experience of the latter led to the production of images that provoked a variety of questions, and invited us to think about the relationships between bodies, dance, and various forms of education. Among these questions were: what clues about the experience of human embodiment are given through observing children’s dance? What can children teach us through participating with them in this performative medium, (...) and what are its implications for education, most especially in light of our observations of children's inventiveness in this regard? Our impressions resonate and find expression in the oeuvre of Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Michel Foucault, Jan Masschelein and Manoel de Barros. Placing ourselves under their influence, we mobilized our thinking and opened ourselves to the emergent character of their ideas, resulting in what might be called a form of “dancing-writing” in which those two forms of expression interact. This dancing-writing is informed by and imbued with children’s lived experience: step by step, we walked the paths that they opened, recording as best we could their multisensorial approach to the world—gaze, taste, smell, sound, touch, movement. Ours was an experience of research on movement, with movement, in movement. As such, we harbor no intention to present final answers, but rather offer the reader an invitation to think philosophically and childishly. Ours is an invitation to dance with and among the questions which that very dance inspired. (shrink)

Nas últimas décadas, o republicanismo voltou a ocupar um espaço relevante no debate político contemporâneo. No processo de retomada do pensamento republicano, observada principalmente na obra de Philip Pettit, um dos aspectos mais inovadores é a proposta de uma forma de governo capaz de efetivar o ideal de liberdade como ausência de dominação, denominada de democracia contestatória. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir o modelo de democracia contestatória proposto por Pettit.

In this paper we study in details a system of two weakly coupled harmonic oscillators from the point of view of Bohm’s interpretation of quantum mechanics. This system may be viewed as a simple model for the interaction between a photon and a photodetector. We obtain exact solutions for the general case. We then compute approximate solutions for the case where one oscillator is initially in its first excited state (a single photon) reaching the other oscillator in its ground state (...) (the photodetector). The approximate solutions represent the state of both oscillators after the interaction, which is not an eigenstate of the individual hamiltonians for each oscillator, and therefore the energies for each oscillator do not exist in the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. We use the approximate solutions that we obtained to compute Bohmian trajectories and to study the energy transfer between the oscillators. We conclude that, even using the Bohmian view, the energy of each individual oscillator is not well defined, as the nonlocal quantum potential is not negligible even after the coupling is turned off. (shrink)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Quantum Interaction, QI 2016, held in San Francisco, CA, USA, in July 2016. The 21 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. The papers address topics such as: Fundamentals; Quantum Cognition; Language and Applications; Contextuality and Foundations of Probability; and Quantum-Like Measurements.

In this paper, we defend two claims. First, we argue that a notion of contextuality that has been formalized in physics and psychology is applicable to linguistic contexts. Second, we propose that this formal apparatus is philosophically significant for the epistemology of language because it imposes homogeneous rational constraints on speakers. We propose a Contextuality Principle that explains and articulates these two claims. This principle states that speakers update contextual information by significantly reducing the space of probabilities and variables in (...) a non-commutative way. Some contexts affect other contexts not merely in terms of the information they contain, but also on the basis of their sequential order. In particular, we argue that the Contextuality by Default (CBD) theory provides a formalism that helps explain the role of contextuality in rational linguistic exchanges. (shrink)

Estudo comparativo da "actante" Tarpéia em Tito Lívio e Propércio. O percurso narrativo construído por Tito Lívio em sua obra historiográfica para a Personagem Tarpéia e na poesia Lírica de Propércio. Contribuição da Teoria Semiótica de linha francesa para a interpretação comparativa nas duas formas discursivas: historiografia e lírica.

Resenha do livro: MOREIRA ALMEIDA, Alexander; COSTA, Marianna Abreu; COELHO, Humberto Schubert. _Science of life after death. _Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2022. 96 f.

Any theory of information needs to comply with what we call the implementation, formalization, and representation constraints. These constraints are justified by basic considerations concerning scientific modelling and methodology. In the first part of this paper, we argue that the implementation and formalization constraints cannot be satisfied because the relation between Shannon information and IIT must be clarified. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the representation constraint. We argue that IIT cannot succeed in satisfying this constraint (...) for semantic contents without offering models for concepts, conceptual roles, and context sensitivity. In the final part of the paper, further complications are raised with respect to the distinction between consciousness and attention, which apply more specifically to the representation constraint. We conclude with some recommendations as to how IIT may succeed in solving these problems, highlighting the advantages and enormous potential of IIT as a scientific theory. (shrink)

O objetivo deste manual é orientar pesquisadores e autores que desejem submeter seus textos à revista _HORIZONTE._.

The concept of sustainable development is here revised in the light of a brief historical analysis, followed by a semantic analysis of the expressions development and sustainability. The authors criticize the common use of this concept in a loose way or in wide generalizations, to conclude, based on the principles of human ecology, that it is only possible to make it operational in limited spans of time and in limited spatial units.

This article presents Jean Bodin’s critic to the juridic approach of the laws and the idea of justice in his time. Firstly, it presents Bodin’s opposition to the glossators of the Roman Law. Secondly, it defends that Bodin considers the method as a tool that could make it possible to achieve an exact knowledge of the principles of the law. Finally, it deals with Bodin’s approach to the knowledge of the law as scientific knowledge. In this sense, the article try (...) to answer the question of what is the importance of the philosophy in this work? (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende discorrer sobre o conceito de natureza possibilitado pela ontologia de Heidegger, que busca no pensamento grego seu sentido mais originário, e a crítica do filósofo ao conceito proporcionado pela metafísica clássica que teria provocado distopias na relação entre o homem e a natureza ao objetivá-la. Tal relação de domínio, além de evidenciar a necessidade de uma reflexão sobre o antropocentrismo, também e, por consequência disso, desvela-se através da crise ambiental vivida hoje por nós. Dessa forma, Heidegger (...) encontra tal sentido originário na palavra physis, o qual discuto nas páginas seguintes suas nuances a partir do que foi levantado pela obra do filósofo. Busca-se assim encontrar um sentido autêntico de natureza, antes do que foi assimilado pela tradição metafísica e desencoberto pelo ser humano como uma reserva ao seu dispor. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica Jahrgang: 2017 Heft: 214 Seiten: 373-391.

Devido às principais transformações recentes na esfera social acontecidas a partir do final do século XX e início do século XXI, em muito motivadas pelo avanço desmedido da economia neoliberal, da racionalidade técnica e da ciência, as relações de trabalho foram impactadas significativamente. Sobretudo a partir da inclusão das tecnologias digitais, com sistemas de informação mais complexos, inteligência artificial e aplicativos das mais variadas ordens, vivencia-se uma verdadeira mudança estrutural na esfera pública atual, conforme Habermas. Com isso, o discurso do (...) empreendedorismo mostrou-se competente em obscurecer o senso crítico capaz de localizar a precarização do trabalho e dos direitos trabalhistas. Um caso claro disso se reflete no fenômeno dos motoristas por aplicativo e a pretensa ideia de autonomia que subjaz o imaginário desses trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar de que modo a razão estratégica implica um modo muito peculiar de reprodução social nas relações contemporâneas de trabalho, sobretudo no âmbito dos motoristas por aplicativo em nexo ao Projeto de Lei 12/2024. O Projeto foi apresentado pelo governo federal em abril de 2024 e garante a conquista de alguns direitos, porém ratifica o status de trabalho autônomo, negando o vínculo de emprego com as empresas proprietárias das plataformas. A discussão da matéria se dará sob a ótica da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas, uma vez que a tendência brasileira revelada no anteprojeto de lei consolida uma opção de aprofundamento da razão estratégica, muito distante de uma postura democrática e consensual com os trabalhadores. (shrink)

A intenção do artigo é examinar a reflexão de Algernon Sidney no que se refere ao direito de resistência do povo contra governos tirânicos. Amplamente discutido por autores das mais diversas vertentes políticas, o direito de resistência ocupou um lugar de destaque no debate jurídico, teológico e político no decorrer dos séculos XVI e XVII. Além dos tradicionais argumentos apresentados por huguenotes franceses, monarcômacos escoceses e defensores da causa parlamentar durante as guerras civis inglesas, a defesa de Sidney do direito (...) do povo de julgar, combater e depor tiranos é feita também com base em princípios republicanos, como o império da lei, o bem comum e, principalmente, a liberdade. (shrink)

Qual é o lugar da escrita no ensino da filosofia no Ensino Médio? Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre a escrita filosófica, viabilizada pela leitura de quem intenciona a escrita e não pela leitura para saber, isto é, para acumular ou reproduzir conhecimento. O que se constata, é que a escrita é uma das atividades essenciais do filosofar e possui caráter formador que precisa ser valorizado. Raros são os pensadores que não escreveram e, além do mais, vive-se num contexto em que (...) ela, num sentido geral, é onipresente. A escrita filosófica, no nível da formação média, pode ser um contraponto às várias modalidades de produções disponíveis, caracterizadas pela velocidade e superficialidade. Sua consistência, tempo e modo de elaboração servem como resistência ao descartável. Sua finalidade é produzir sentido, nesse jogo de linguagem que é a filosofia. (shrink)

Busca-se apontar brevemente como, na filosofia de Kierkegaard, a autenticidade está relacionada com a interioridade e se contrapõe a racionalidade. Para Kierkegaard, existir de modo autêntico é assumir a existência, um movimento de interioridade e incomensurável às leis lógicas ou conceitos.

Propomos nesta análise semiótica de linha francesa fazer a análise interpretativa da poesia 5 de Catulo na tradução, no nível fundamental em que se dá o nível abstrato da poesia, no nível narrativo em que se constrói o sujeito da narrativa e no nível discursivo em que verificaremos o valor discursivo e a sua natureza figurativa presente nesta obra.

The concept of sustainable development is here revised in the light of a brief historical analysis, followed by a semantic analysis of the expressions development and sustainability. The authors criticize the common use of this concept in a loose way or in wide generalizations, to conclude, based on the principles of human ecology, that it is only possible to make it operational in limited spans of time and in limited spatial units.